#7 Barcelona

Model of the Media-Tic Building, Cloud 9 Enric Ruiz-Geli

Time-based Barcelona
Barcelona is a typical example of a grid planned city that can adapt all kinds of changes over the years. In this issue of Time-based Architecture International we will also be focusing on new projects in Barcelona, Cerdà's grid plays an important role as an underlying structure of new development. In spite of the economical situation today in Catalonia, there is still a lot of building and planning activity in Barcelona. Especially in the north-eastern part of Cerdà’s grid in between the Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes and the Mediterranean coast, where a public-private organisation called 22@ is redeveloping a lot of the existing blocks. Beside this concentrated development, we also find a series of other interesting projects in which time plays an important role. Some of them are focusing on housing, some on renewing existing buildings, others aiming at improving the public space.

Introdution by Bernard Leupen, Kevin Penalva, Paul de Vroom


Bau Escola, Josep Boncompte foto Bernard Leupen

Projects

Housing Project in Londres-Villarroel street - Jaime Coll and Judith Leclerc

Edifici Mediatic - Cloud09, Enric Ruiz Geli
Text by Paul de Vroom

LIMA Project - SaAS- Joan Sabaté

Compact Hábit - Xavier Tragant Mestres

Bau Escola Suprior de disseny - Josep Boncompte and Guillermo Font
Text by Josep Boncompte and Guillermo Font

Museu Picasso - Jordi Garcés
Text by Jordi Garcés

The 22@development
Text by Rosina Vinyes i Ballbé

#6 Urban Edges Transformed

The Massena Quarter Paris, Christian de Portzamparc. One of the street with colourful houses, photo Bernard Leupen

Urban Edges Transformed

As an urban form, the metropolis is undergoing rapid changes, in particular at the edge of more established cities. The challenges of accommodating large scale infrastructure, while meeting the demands of contemporary economies, have yielded less than satisfactory results, especially when accounting for the toll on the environment. This issue examines projects and proposals that address these challenges, especially as they play themselves out at the edge of urban centers and in the suburbs. How, we ask, can we engage time as a means of redefining a transformed metropolis, one with a stronger and unique identity, closely tied to the dynamics of ecology, economy and place making?
Introductory Essay Author: Paul Lukez Images by: Peter Vanderwarker (photographer), Sarah McKenzie (painter), Paul Lukez (architect / artist)

Projects
Retrofitting Suburban Form: Incremental Metropolitanism at Belmar_Colorado, USA 2001-2012
Architect: Elkus Manfredi Architects and Civitas
Text by June Williamson

Tangshan Urban Planning Museum_Tangshan, China 2008
Architect: URBANUS Architecture and Design
Text by Wang Hui

SOLARIS: Continuous Green_one-north, Singapore 2008-2010
Architect: T.R.Hamzah&Yeang
Text by Mitchell Gelber

Eco-City_Logroño, Spain 2007-2013
Architects: MVRDV and GRAS
Text by: Paul Lukez

Masterplan Ede East: a framework for future development_EdeEast, TheNetherlands 2004
Architect: Palmboom & van den Bout
Text by BernardLeupen

The Massena Quarter_Paris, France 1995-2007, Atelier Christian de Portzamparc
Text by: Bernard Leupen

Flight Forum_Eindhoven,The Netherlands 1998-2004
Architect: MVRDV
Text by Bernard Leupen

Burlington Mall Transformed_Burlington, MA, USA 2002-2006
Architect: Paul Lukez Architecture / Transform-X
Text by: PaulLukez

#5 China

Introduction
by: Bernard Leupen, Hai Lin and Meng Sun
For ages the Chinese had a circular concept of time. Since the fast developments of the last decades the circular concept is taken over more and more by a dynamic concept. China's fast development in the last decades puts a lot of things upside down. City's and even buildings are now more static entity's as the where for ages. The fast changes asked or a dynamic and time-based vision on architecture.

New architecture
In most of the publications on Chinese architecture to day, we see fast growing cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen. We see huge apartment buildings, all kinds of office and serving buildings in a fan of architectures from neo modern, to neo classical, from neo baroque to post modern. Most of them belong to bigness and XXL buildings. Between this overkill of images we seldom see authentic new Chinese architecture.

On of the first published projects which gives an other vision on new Chinese architecture is the Suitcase house by Gary Chang, Edge Design Institute. The design is an interesting reinterpretation of the traditional wooden Chinese house. A open room gives space to al kinds of dwelling activities. The space it selves is generic. All the specific elements are built in below the main floor. By opening a hinging floor element the specific element can provide a specific function like cooking, bathing or working.

The projects
Tongming’s own studio, Architect: Tongming, Shanghai (2003)
By Qing Li

Gary's Apartment, Gary Chang - Edge Design Institute, Island East, Hong Kong (2007)
By Meng Sun

Caiguo Qiang Courtyard House Renovation, Architect Peizhu, Beijing (2007)
By Bernard Leupen

Suquan Yuan tea house, Architect: Tongming, Suzhou (2007)
By Qing Li

Wuhan French and Chinese art center Architect Ke Zhang, Wuhan
By Meng Sun

Exhibition for CRC city, Gary Chang -- Edge Design Institute, Shenzhen (2008)
By Meng Sun

Water Tank for Goldfish, Architect Yansong Ma (2004)
By Hai Lin

#4 Developments in flexible house building in German-speaking countries

During the 20th century, flexibility concepts have been a periodically recurring influence for the production of hous­ing in Europe. Thus, a wealth of experience is available to­day. Essential flexibility concepts had already been devel­oped by the avant-garde of Classical Modernism.
Looking back we can see two very different development themes emerging in parallel in this first major development phase of flexible housing:

The development of flexibility strategies within new, avant-garde spatial models as part of ‘liberating living’
The development of flexibility strategies in plans for the ‘existential minimum’ by way of space-saving overlapping uses and growth models for building and housing people in crises
With many projects, however, these two themes also overlap, such as in Gerrit Rietveld and Truus Schröder's particular space creation in the Schröder house in Utrecht of 1924, or in Le Corbusier's double house on the Weissenhof of 1927.

Content #4

Introduction
Flexible Dwellings in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Sigrid Loch

Ten in one _ Flexible urban house, Berlin 2005, Germany
architect
Roedig. Schop architects and Baugruppe A52

Q-Bus _ Flexible apartment building, Winterthur 2001, Switzerland
architect
Kreis Schaad Schaad Architects

Future housing _ Sandgasse housing estate, Graz 2006, Austria
architect
Architectural firm Hansjörg Tschom

Balance _`Wohnparks`[housing parks], 2000-2003, Switzerland
architect
Haerle Hubacher Architects

Haus G _ An experiment in space, Überlingen 2009, Germany
architect
(se)arch Architects- Stefanie Eberdingand Stephan Eberding

Apartment K _ A conversion with surprises, Attersee 2005, Austria
architect
Atelier Peter Ebner- Franziska Ullmann

UFO _ Loft and commercial building, Frankfurt am Main 2004, Germany
architect
Dietz Joppien Architekten AG

#3 Mixed living and working programmes – from generic to specific

Developments today and tomorrow
The relation between living and working is presently undergoing rapid change. The service business sector is growing faster than the industrial and agricultural sectors. Industry is becoming cleaner, and communication technology continues its dizzying pace of advance. The traditional family unit is continually losing ground to newer living patterns such as one-person households and couples who reverse the conventional domestic roles. There is a rising demand for space for start up companies, especially in creative business sectors. These trends hold out the prospect of greater functional mixing, which may help prevent towns turning into huge, monofunctional seas of housing with the associated risks of urban decay, ghetto formation and rundown commercial zones.

These factors make it relevant to redefine the changing relation between living and working. Present planning mechanisms are poor at responding to the changing patterns of demand for homes and offices. It is necessary to devise new urban housing types, which accommodate a multiplicity of mixed functions, so that they can cope with programmatic and spatial changes. The new types must be capable of reflecting the phenomenon of changing lifestyles and the imperatives of sustainable building by making intelligent use of scarce space.

Content #3

Introduction
Mixed living and working programmes–from generic to specific
JaspervanZwol

Piazza Ceramique, Maastricht
architect
Jo Janssen Architecten-prof.ir.Wim van den Bergh Architect

Schiecentrale Media Campus, Rotterdam
architect
Mei Architects and Urban Planners

Fahle Building, Tallinn
architect
KOKO architects
RaivoKotov, Andrus Kõresaar
Interiordesign: KOKO architects, Liis Lindvere, Raili Paling, Liisi Murula

Jian Wai Soho, Beijijng
architect
Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop

Miss Sargfabrik, Vienna
architect
BKK-3Architektur ZT-GmbH together with MISSARGE (JohannWinter)

Building With Homes And Offices, Sursee
architect
Scheitlin-Syfrig+Partner Architekten AG, Luzern

9/10 Stock Orchard Street, London
architect
Sarah Wigglesworths Architects
Sarah Wigglesworths and Jeremy Till

#2 DKV from typological to time-based

From its inception, DKV architects has been founded in a firmly established working method and practice. Typological analysis is key to the office’s working method, wherein typology is implemented to create freedom. DKV’s sphere of activity spans everything from residential and urban building projects to diverse forms of non-residential building. An analytical approach centred in model-based thinking enables the office to maximise the potential of otherwise restrictive preconditions, and to identify unexpected solutions as a result. DVK architecten is based in Rotterdam and led by partners Roel Bosch, Herman de Kovel, Wilco Valk and Paul de Vroom. The office is active both within the Netherlands and far beyond.

DKV’s work is characterised by a simplicity that speaks for itself, with designs that make an impact through their organisational clarity and physical form. DKV seeks to identify the essence of any given project and to devise a targeted answer and an original design – a design that is innovative, yet at the same time surprisingly self-evident. The main theme of the design is systematically integrated at every level of scale, from urban planning down to the technical details. Since design processes today are in a constant state of flux and to a large extent unpredictable, DKV’s work has come to emphasise, more and more, the establishment of the necessary preconditions for change (or flexibility, as DKV calls it) as a specific design theme.

DKV stands for the initials of its three co-founders, Dolf Dobbelaar, Herman de Kovel and Paul de Vroom, who set up the office in 1984. All three completed their studies at TU Delft and, prior to founding DKV, worked at OMA on designing the urban development plan for the IJ-plein (IJ square) in the urban district of Amsterdam-Noord.

Three elements define DKV’s work:
1 model studies
2 typological approach (leading from model studies)
3 flexibility and "shell thinking”

Content #2

introduction
DKV from typological tot ime-based
Dr. ir. Bernard Leupen

Australië Boston
DKV architecten
Dolf Dobbelaar, Herman de Kovel en Paul de Vroom

Nieuwe Millinxbuurt, Rotterdam
architect
DKV architecten
Dolf Dobbelaar, Herman de Kovel, Paul de Vroom

Kop van Havendiep, Lelystad
architect
DKV architecten
Dolf Dobbelaar, Herman de Kovel, Paul de Vroom

Schutterstoren Meer en Oever, Amsterdam
architect
DKV architecten
Roel Bosch, Herman de Kovel, Wico Valk, Paul de Vroom

Insula College, Dordrecht
architect
DKV rchitecten
Roel Bosch, Herman de Kovel, Wico Valk, Paul de Vroom

#1 The Danish dwelling in-between permanent and changeable conditions

Introduction
Since the 1980’s, urban life has experienced a renaissance, and among builders and planners, there has been an increased interest in multistory housing in Denmark. The considerations for sustainability also support the ideals inherent in the compact city. The welfare society’s ideals concerning the “sound dwelling” have left distinctive traces throughout the city. A versatile supply of housing has been the main goal, and housing policies have been characterized by the goal of everyone having access to sound homes. The extensive urban renewal in the harbour areas of Copenhagen offers a breeding ground for experimentation with a number of new and more open housing types, where future users can be involved in the design of their homes. In this way there is an increased focus on how to design the basic framework of the apartment. Yet another issue of importance is how those dwellings will be ‘completed’ by the inhabitance of the users. When the dwellings are completed, are they still suitable for other conditions of life? Is it possible to maintain the architectural quality and create at the same time greater possibilities for individual development and influence? These issues are researched in the project: Dwellings Suitable for Changing Life Situations. However, these ‘unfinished’ dwellings will get their own life. The designer will not any more be able to control what the users will do with their ‘work’. In the case of VM-Husene, this was just the one of the targets of the project. The architects created apartments with odd and unusual spatiality and expected new ways of inhabitation, from which at the same time the architects could learn. This process-like approach is far different from the earlier attitude of the functionalists. Many of the projects mentioned in this article are researched in the project: Dwellings Suitable for Changing Life Conditions. The project is carried out at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Copenhagen, 2005-2007. The research project is connected to The Center of Welfare and Housing, Copenhagen University and supported by the Realdania Foundation. Researchers: Peder Duelund Mortensen, Helen G. Welling, Margit Livø and Lene Wiell Mortensen. Bjarke Ingels and Julien de Smedt from the firm PLOT

Content #1
Introduction
THE DANISH DWELLING:in between permanent and changeable conditions
Dr. Helen G.Welling & Dr. Bernard Leupen

Nordlyset
Residential Block on America Plads
CF MØLLER, partnerarchitec tLONE WIGGERS
By Lone Wiggers, Dr. Bernard Leupen (ed)

ÆBLELUNDEN
Affordable Housing in the Copenagen suburb of Gladsaxe
VANDKUNSTEN, JAN ALBRECHSTEN & SØREN NIELSEN
By Dr. Bernard Leupen

FLEXIBO
Amager, Copenhagen (1975) & Greve Strand by, Greve (1980)
VIGGO MØLLER-JENSEN, TYGEARNFRED & JØRN OLE SORENSEN (Fælles tegnestuen ApS)
By Dr. Hellen G. Welling

Jægersborg Water tower
Ørnegårdsvej 21, 2820 Gentofte
DORTE MANDRUP ARCHITECTS AsP
By Dr. Bernard Leupen

BOASE
Experimental Housing Project on an Open Space in Nørrebro
FORCE 4, CHRISTIAN F.W. DALSDORF & MAJA ASAA
By Dr. Bernard Leupen (ed)